Investigation of current transmission through insulating funnels via secondary electron emission

Electron hop funnels have been constructed of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) to enhance the performance of gated field emitter arrays (FEAs). Electrons are emitted into the wide end of the funnel, transmitted through the funnel, and exit through the narrow opening. An electrode, referred to here as the hop electrode, is placed around the narrow end of the funnel to create the electric field necessary to sustain electron transport through the funnel.