A Tunnel Compress Scheme for PMIPv6-Based Nested NEMO

In nested NEMO, a multi-tunneling causes a pinball routing problem. Several solutions proposed to solve the pinball routing problem in NEMO BSP cannot be used at PMIPv6-based NEMO due to different environment such as no route optimization with CN. We propose a tunnel compress scheme for multi-tunneling in PMIPv6-based NEMO. The scheme consists of two parts: the first part is an inter-domain or wired Internet part. The other is an intra part of nested mobile networks. In each part, we can create a single IP-in-IP tunnel from multi-tunnels. Hence, there are only two single IP-in-IP tunnels in nested NEMO networks. In the proposed scheme, IP-in-IP encapsulated packets are forwarded using host-based routing without modifying the outer header. The information to compress multi-tunnels is piggybacked at the PMIPv6 signaling.