Bioinformatics: Trends in gene expression analysis

Bioinformatics is an interesting combination of biology and computational sciences, which help scientists and researchers to do more biological experiments to improve the life of living being. Gene expression is fundamental biological basics of cell biology. It is also responsible for genetic as well as physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism. The study of gene expression analysis helps to predict resultant protein product, in identifying abnormal functioning of cells which may responsible for various diseases, and in designing new drugs. For analysis purpose, DNA Microarray is an important tool as number of genes can simultaneously be observed. The output of DNA Microarray is vast databases which need to be processed by computation tools to take out biological significance. Computation tools include various algorithms of data mining, pattern recognition, support vector machines etc. Vast literature is available which demonstrate different algorithms and their result for analysis purpose. To find unique algorithms which satisfies all the requisite constraints is still the research topic. In this paper, we try to discuss all the major computational tools, various major methods from last many years which are used as a trends in gene expression analysis. We also try to discusses major difficulties while applying these methods to databases for analysis purpose.