Towards a seamless integration of awareness support and alerting systems: Why and how

• With a synthetic depiction of the terrain in an ego-centered frame-of-reference, extrapolation of the future situation in terms of a potential loss of separation with the terrain is trivial • Achieving an integrated awareness of traffic hazards cannot simply be obtained by depicting traffic and terrain in a common frame of reference • An information gap exists between traffic awareness and traffic alerting systems • To prevent a future loss of separation, supporting the pilot in determining where the traffic currently is, is less important than supporting the pilot in determining whether, where, and when a loss of separation will occur • Given the complexity of the required mental extrapolation and due to human biases, a conflict prediction function can consistently outperform the pilot in terms of achieving both a lower false alarm rate and a lower missed detection rate