NDI: Node-dependence-based Dynamic gaming Incentive algorithm in opportunistic networks

Opportunistic networks are lack of end-to-end paths between source nodes and destination nodes, so the communications are mainly carried out by the “store-carry-forward” strategy. Selfish behaviors of rejecting packet relay requests will severely worsen the network performance. Incentive is an efficient way to reduce selfish behaviors, and hence improves the reliability and robustness of the networks. In this paper, we propose the Node-dependence-based Dynamic gaming Incentive (NDI) algorithm, which exploits the dynamic repeated gaming to motivate nodes relaying packets for other nodes. The NDI algorithm presents a mechanism of tolerating selfish behaviors of nodes. Reward and punishment methods are also designed based on the node dependence degree. Simulation results show that the NDI algorithm is effective on increase the delivery ratio and decrease average latency when there are a lot of selfish nodes in the opportunistic networks.