Finite-difference frequency-domain analysis of wave propagation in 2-D frequency-dependent periodic structures

A new finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) algorithm is derived to analyze wave propagation in frequency-dependent periodic structures such as metamaterials. Metamaterials are under intensive investigation in optics, microwave, antenna engineering, and so forth. Accurate modeling of wave propagation in frequency-dependent metamaterials are highly needed because in reality almost all of the materials are frequency-dependent. The results are compared with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method which show that the FDFD has high accuracy and stability.