Residue number system arithmetic inspired hopping pilot pattern design for cellular downlink OFDMA

In this paper, a novel hopping pilot pattern design method is proposed for downlink multi-cell OFDMA. Specifically, residue number system (RNS) arithmetic is invoked as a tool for constructing pilot patterns with equidistant sampling in both time and frequency domains, and limited mutual interference. Compared to Costas array-based pilot patterns, RNS-based method generates more unique pilot patterns, providing additional degrees of freedom for identifying cells/devices in a multi-cell multi-antenna environment.