Membrane technology for energy conservation in traditional and emerging engineering fields

Membrane systems as separate unit processes are discussed for application to both liquid and gas stream separation, concentration, and purification. Membrane processes used for energy conservation can be applied to many traditional industries, such as petroleum refining and commodity, chemical, and gas production; and to such emerging fields as biotechnology and waste management. Membrane unit processes can play key roles in saving energy by replacing energy-intensive separations, recycling sensible heat, recycling materials, and recovering materials. They also can be directly applied in chemical conversion and energy conversion devices