Design of single mode photonic crystal fibers with low-loss and flattened dispersion at 1.55μm wavelength

In this article, perfectly matched layer (PML) for the boundary treatment and an efficient compact two dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2-D FDTD) method were combined to model photonic crystal fibers (PCF). For photonic crystal fibers, if we assume that the propagation constant along the propagation direction is fixed, three-dimensional hybrid guided modes can be calculated by using only a two-dimensional mesh. An index-guiding PCF with an array of air holes surrounding the silica core region has special characteristics compared with conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs). Using this model, the fundamental characteristics of single mode photonic crystal fibers (SMPCFs) such as gain, confinement loss and chromatic dispersion are numerically investigated. Also the analysis of some different PCFs, revealed that low loss and flattened chromatic dispersion can be obtained by varying the hole diameter of each air-hole ring along the radius.