Analysis and design of low-power - low-noise crystal oscillators accounting for electro-mechanical energy conversion aspects

This paper presents an original multi-physics modeling methodology for the design and analysis of integrated crystal oscillators based on power-waves formulation. Conventional Barkhausen oscillation conditions criterion is derived in terms of reflection coefficients. Coupling module is introduced between the crystal resonator and the oscillator active-core in order to account for electromechanical energy conversion aspects. The proposed methodology is successfully applied to the design of low power and low noise integrated crystal oscillator in NXP-Semiconductors advanced BiCMOS technology. A phase noise better than -152dBc/Hz at 10KHz carrier offset with noise supply rejection better than -65dB are demonstrated.