A pattern reconfigurable of circular short-circuited patch antenna based on Genetic Algorithm

A new method to reconfigure the radiation pattern of a simple circular patch antenna is presented. The antenna consists of a single patch and shorting pins located at edge of patch. By controlling the states of one set of connections between the patch and ground plane using shorting pin, the main lobe of each pattern directs to one of 24 different directions in the plane with the elevation angle of 45 degree, while, maintaining the resonance frequency by optimizing the radius of patch and position of probe feed point from the centre patch. The antenna with simple structure has good performance of impedance matching at resonance frequency of 2.4 GHz. In this work, we used Genetic Algorithm combined with Finite Element software to optimize the shorting pins combination initial state, radius of patch, and probe feed position. Results are verified by measurement of fabricated optimized single state antenna. These practical results are shown to be in good agreement with the simulation calculations.