Difference model approach for the transient simulation of transmission lines

An optimal technique (in terms of computational efficiency, accuracy, and practical applicability) for the transient simulation of distributed multiconductor RLGC lines is developed by applying the indirect numerical integration method (the most efficient and accurate transient simulation method) to the device model for a distributed line (the most efficient and practically applicable model). The technique can be directly used in a circuit simulator. The computational complexity is linearly proportional to the number of time-steps. Nonuniform lines, lines with frequency-dependent parameters, and real lines, characterized with a few samples of time- or frequency-domain measurements or electromagnetic simulations, can be accurately and efficiently simulated