Photovoltaics in the utility distribution system: The evaluation of system and distributed benefits

Results of work undertaken at the Pacific Gas and Electric Company to quantify the potential benefits of distributed grid-connected photovoltaic generation are presented. Methodologies and evaluations used to examine potential benefits of distributed generation for a test case are described. Results indicate there can be significant distributed benefits in carefully chosen transmission and distribution systems. It is concluded that these benefits could enable PV generation to be a potentially cost-effective alternative for utility planning. and thereby stimulate utility demand for PV systems. Specifically, it is demonstrated that PV power plants can relieve thermal overloads in selected utility distribution systems. Other benefits of strategically located PV systems are electrical loss savings, voltage support, and higher reliability