Adaptive remedial action scheme based on transient energy analysis

Remedial action schemes are designed to avoid wide spread outages after a severe contingency. In practice, these schemes are primarily static. That is, the action is predetermined for a particular situation based on extensive off-line studies. This paper presents a method for an adaptive scheme based on transient energy analysis suitable for on-line calculations. The approach assumes the system separates into two groups in the first swing after a severe contingency along a key path and that generation tripping and/or load shedding is needed to survive the swing. Based on off-line studies and simple on-line calculations of the ability of the system to absorb the excess kinetic energy, the amount and location of the generation tripping is determined. This method provides a way to implement an adaptive RAS for different faults and operating points in real-time operation. The IEEE 39-bus system is used to illustrate the proposed method.