Analysis of inhomogeneous and anisotropic waveguides by the finite element method

Two numerically efficient procedures for the analysis of arbitrarily-shaped inhomogeneous and anisotropic waveguides showing no spurious modes are considered. The first is based on a transverse magnetic-field formulation, while the second is straightforwardly derived from the first-order Maxwell curl equations and involves all the components of the electric and magnetic fields. In both cases, the final step, in most cases, to solve a symmetric complex generalized eigensystem. An extension of the symmetric real case to the symmetric complex case is developed in order to reduce the time consumed in the solution process