Design of 2.45 GHz Sierpinski fractal based miniaturized microstrip patch antenna

Among various option of miniaturization, a simple and effective method of obtaining a compact microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. The space-filling property of fractal geometry is explored for size reduction by incorporating Sierpinski Carpet on microstrip patch antenna. An edge-fed patch antenna is used as an initiator of all Sierpinski carpet iterations. The fractal iteration is performed up to 3^rd order. The physical parameters of all four antennas are optimized to achieve the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz which have many applications in short-range data communications such as in wireless sensors, radio frequency identification and personal area networking. The antennas are designed using finite element method based HFSS and their performances are demonstrated in terms of return loss, radiation pattern, smith chart, VSWR, and gain. Simulation results of Sierpinski Carpet iterations and their comparison with the generator shows significant size reduction, without affecting antenna performance such as reflection loss, impedance matching, and antenna gain.