Individual generator contributions towards loads and line flows in networks with loop flows

In a perfectly competitive electricity market, it is important to ascertain the contribution of each of the generators towards a given load and towards individual line loadings. This will help in charging the customers for the services and the products they use. The technique can also provide information, such as the path of green electrons which can be vital for proper implementation of imminent carbon taxes. Many researchers have proposed various techniques for solving this problem — the most notable being the topological approach [1]. However, none of the researches address the problem when the network has a loop flow. The paper extends the concept of topological approach in order to solve this problem even in networks with loop flows.