A haptic interface using a force-feedback joystick

We propose a haptic interface algorithm for joystick operators controlling remote unmanned vehicles. The haptic interface algorithm is implemented using a force-feedback joystick, which is equipped with low price DC motors with no encoders. Generating specific amounts of forces on the joystick pole according to the distance between a remote controlled vehicle and obstacles, the haptic interface enables the operator to perceive the distance information by the sense of touch. For the case of no joystick operation or no obstacles in the working area, we propose an origin control algorithm, which positions the joystick pole at the origin. The origin control algorithm prevents the false movement of the remote vehicles and provides the operator with a realistic force resisting the joystick pole´s movement. The experiment results obtained under various scenarios exemplify the validity of the proposed haptic interface algorithm and the origin control algorithm.