Comparison of impedance and travelling wave fault location using real faults

Market deregulation has changed the way transmission utilities manage their lines as they are not paid by the amount of transmitted power, but by the availability of their lines. The reason for that is the concept of free energy market (generation prices), that need the transmission system to be always available for large energy block transfers of the cheapest generator in the system. In this new model, the transmission utilities are penalized for the time a line is off service to the system after a permanent fault. The time needed for restoring the line to the system is mostly lost in locating the real point of the fault. This paper show how this time can be significantly reduced by using traveling wave.