International competitiveness in IVHS: Europe, Japan, and the United States

This paper is based largely upon a study commissioned by IVHS AMERICA. The study systematically compared IVHS progress in Europe, Japan, and the United States in terms of key initiatives and accomplishments from 1960 through 1993, funding, organization, research and testing, systems architecture and standards, deployment and marketing, institutional and legal issues, and planning. It was concluded that the United States is now making overall progress that compares favorably with Europe and Japan, and that all have made great strides in IVHS development albeit with focus that varies from region to region. Consistent policy support, in which Japan has led for over two decades, was found to be the most important factor in progress toward deployment. However, institutional barriers of different types impede progress in all three regions