Load flow analysis of low voltage dc networks with photovoltaic

Even though the power systems for the last century have been running on ac, with the emerging dc technologies such as solar photovoltaic (PV), LED lights, electric vehicles (EVs) and so on the interest for dc networks are also increasing. Rather than the traditional practice of inverting the dc power output of PVs to ac, it would be efficient if the dc power is used without inverting. With the development of the low voltage dc (LVdc) networks, it is essential to develop tools to analyze these networks. In this paper, a load flow program was developed to analyze LVdc networks that incorporate PV generation modules. The PV modules were modeled with its dc/dc converter in Simulink. The load flow study has been carried out on LVdc network using three different methods and the results were compared.