Towards cognitive energy management system of microgrid in enabling transportation electrification

This paper introduces the concept of cognitive energy management system (CogEMS) for microgrid applications. The CogEMS is based on the four building principles of human cognition: the perception-action cycle, memory, attention and intelligence. It would enable an efficient and robust optimization of the energy flow within the microgrid and between the power grid and the microgrid, voltage and frequency control, and protection of the devices. The purpose is to equip the microgrid with an intelligent control system in support of transportation electrification. In future, more and more electric vehicles (EVs) will be connected to the grid via the vehicle-to-grid technology (V2G), posing both challenges and opportunities for microgrids. EVs can be regarded either as the loads of the microgrid during the charging stage, or energy storage devices during the discharging stage. In this context, the energy management system should be able to intelligently coordinate the two stages.