Fractal monopole antenna design Using Minkowski Island geometry

In this paper, two printed multiband fractal monopole antennas using the 1^st and 2^nd iteration of Minkowski Island geometry are proposed for WLAN communications. The monopole antennas have compact size of 28 times 18 mm² and 21.5 times 18 mm², respectively. The proposed antennas with different sizes of the ground plane have also been studied through numerical simulations in Ansoft HFSS. It is found that without using any impedance matching method, both of the proposed antennas exhibit good impedance match at both 2.4 and 5.2 GHz band, which is confirmed by the measurement results. It is also observed that the monopole antenna with the geometry of the 1^st iteration Minkowski Island can also operate at 3.5 and 5.8 GHz, which means that it almost covers the entire required frequency bands for 802.11a/b/g and WiMAX communications. The simulation shows that both antennas exhibit high radiation efficiency and the measured radiation patterns show that both antennas have similar radiation patterns at each resonant frequency.