Satellite-based sensor networks: M2M Sensor communications and connectivity analysis

In this paper, we study the performance of satellite-based sensor networks. In particular, we consider dense networks of M2M sensor devices deployed in several geographical locations. The M2M sensor devices are locally grouped into clusters and communicate with a satellite gateway. The proposed network architecture is a potential solution for remote monitoring and surveillance networks usually deployed on border and non-habitable areas. We also consider the employment of Ka band for the broadband satellite connection. Consequently, an efficient clustering methodology is proposed for the M2M sensor devices while the feasibility of the proposed system in terms of connectivity of the satellite gateways using high data rate terrestrial links operating at frequencies above 10 GHz, is investigated. Finally, we present realistic satellite link budget analysis using either GEO or LEO Ka band satellites.