Maximizing the lifetime of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

A heterogeneous lifetime optimization model is proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSN), in which nodes are deployed based on a regular hexagonal topology. Retransmission is considered in the lifetime model and is proved to be essential through our case study. Using our optimization model, the optimal sensor deployment strategy is achieved by maximizing the lifetime with the constraints of coverage, connectivity and successful transmission rate for both uniform and non-uniform deployed WSN. Our case study shows that WSN can survive much longer in an optimal non-uniform deployed strategy than a uniform one when the same number of nodes is deployed.