Optimal design of broadband loaded receiving antenna for HFSWR using simulated annealing

One of the major challenges in using coast-based high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is, for the purpose of the long-range detection of ships and aircraft as well as icebergs, or the remote sensing of the ocean environment using the coast-based HFSWR, how the size of transmitting and receiving antennas are reduced at lower end of the HF band. In this paper, according to the operating frequency bandwidth for a HFSWR, where both the gain and the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of a receiving monopole can satisfy the requirement of engineering design, it mainly describes the process in which the loading circuit parameters, locations of the loads along the antenna, as well as matching network parameters are optimized by the simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) to achieve a VSWR less than 3 in the operating frequency bandwidth. Several examples antennas illustrate that the SAA is an effective method for designing HF broadband loaded antennas.