Particle swarm optimization of miniaturized quadrature reflection phase structure for low-profile antenna applications

A new terminology, quadrature reflection phase structure (QRPS), is defined. Without applying traditional methods, such as effective circuit modeling, a parallel PSO/FDTD (particle swarm optimization/finite difference time-domain) algorithm is utilized to determine a QRPS topology based on its reflection phase characteristics. The optimized QRPS has miniaturized dimensions and provides good performance in a surface wave antenna application. The parallel PSO/FDTD algorithm has the potential to be promising in more complicated QRPS/EBG designs, by exploiting the robustness of the PSO kernel, the accuracy of a full-wave simulator and faster computation due to its parallel implementation.