Non-linear modeling of volar wrist ligament segments

Finite element analysis modeling is an invaluable tool for both analysis and assessment in orthopaedic biomechanics. Once the material properties and applied loads are determined, finite element analysis allows for realistic modeling and the application of iterative procedures to describe time-dependent mechanical behavior and perform structural optimization. In most instances, the material properties have been previously defined and are documented in tables, however, the non-linear mechanical behavior of biological systems require material testing to define these properties accurately. This study derives a set of equations to describe the material properties of a biological system, specifically the ligaments of the wrist. Previous studies have presented this data for whole ligaments, but this study takes the next step by examining the volar segments of the major ligaments in the elastic (fully recoverable) range