Modeling open dynamic environments management for designing operative cognitive tools to support decision makers

Open dynamic environments (ODE) are characterized by strong limitations-or lack-of automated systems. Designing operative cognitive tools for supporting decision makers in such environments raises two kinds of issues: ensuring compatibility between the models implemented in the tool and the operators´ cognitive models about the process, and defining an external representation enabling operators to make an easy use of the tool, with minimal specific training. Forest fire fighting is taken as a paradigm of spatial ODE management; the issues concerning operative cognitive tools are analysed for a “forest fire tool”, based on graphical representations about the process evolution, the needs, and the availability of means for action. It is presented, and its potential functionalities are sketched. An empirical study was developed to evaluate both the compatibility between models and the ease of use of the chosen external representation. Results show that: (1) The expected compatibility actually enables a “spontaneous” minimal use for experiences operators; (2) The cognitive demands of the graphical representation nevertheless require a specific training for a reliable use