A CMOS pancreatic islet of Langerhans for automatic glycemic regulation

We present here a CMOS islet of Langerhans. This circuit mimics the cellular dynamics of the pancreatic alpha and beta cells that control blood glucose levels, through the release of the hormones glucagon and insulin. This system has been designed using human glycemic in vivo blood measurements and mammalian in vitro cell data. This integrated silicon pancreatic islet can form the control algorithm of an artificial pancreas for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The circuit is designed in a 0.35 μm standard CMOS process; is low-power, dissipating 78 μW, can interface directly with the current output from a glucose sensor and outputs dual pump control signals for the release of the glycemic regulatory hormones.