Integrated ultra-high impedance front-end for non-contact biopotential sensing

Non-contact ECG/EEG electrodes, which operate primarily through capacitive coupling, have been extensively studied for unobtrusive physiological monitoring. Previous implementations using discrete off-the-shelf amplifiers have been encumbered by the need for manually tuned input capacitance neutralization networks and complex DC-biasing schemes. We have designed and fabricated a custom integrated high input impedance (60 fF∥5TΩ), low noise (0.05 fA/√Hz) non-contact sensor front-end specifically to bypass these limitations. The amplifier fully bootstraps both the internal and external parasitic impedances to achieve an input capacitance of 60 fF without neutralization. To ensure DC stability and eliminate the need for external large valued resistances, a low-leakage, on-chip biasing network is included. Stable frequency response is demonstrated below 0.05 Hz even with coupling capacitances as low as 0.5 pF.