Design studies of stacked u-slot microstrip patch antenna for dual band operation

In this work, an extensive design study of a stacked u-slot microstrip patch antenna for dual band operation will be presented. This antenna consists of two stacked microstrip patches, both having u-slots embedded in them. Two feeding techniques namely probe-feeding and co-planar waveguide feeding have been used and the results compared. Particle swarm optimization has been used to optimize the antenna parameters. The simulated results indicate that using co-planar waveguide feeding results in a tremendous increase in bandwidth when compared with probe feeding, however a degradation in gain is observed.