Yokto (10-24V) Instrumentation Amplifier

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are the building blocks for analog signal conditioning circuits and in particular, instrumentation amplifiers. Op-amps amplify electrical signals such as the small voltages coming from instrumentation sensors. The gain is controlled by external components, provided the amplifiers are operated within reasonable boundaries. The op-amp is a differential amplifier, allow us to not only amplify very small sensor signals but also to add or subtract offset voltages and to electrically isolate (buffer) sensors from the rest of system. The analysis in this paper will be based largely on ideal amplifiers. External components such as resistors are used to feed the output back to the input and thus to reduce the ideal infinite gain to any desired gain. In this paper, we present the amplification of Yokto level signal (10^-24V) to the saturation level of op-amp with the help of cascaded structure of instrumentation amplifier. We can say, this is the cascaded or Yokto instrumentation amplifier. This structure of instrumentation amplifier with order five, amplifies the signal level upto 490dB at normal condition of components. At the critical values of all the components, the gain will be approximately 630dB. The gain level is also increased by the increment in the order of the instrumentation amplifier. This paper presents the artificial neural networks (ANNs) implementation of cascaded instrumentation amplifier.