Abstract :
The design, manufacture, and testing of standby battery products for various uses and the evolution of modern uninterrupted power system (UPS) battery designs are discussed. Some ongoing and past test results that affect standby battery design, particularly with respect to ripples, depth of discharge, grid alloy, and the retention system, are discussed. Shedding due to high rate cycling has been identified as the main failure mode for either standby battery systems of UPSs, and improved containment of positive active material to prevent this will be the key to emerging UPS designs. Cycling may become an even greater issue for UPS products in the future, for which the product ´life´ will have to be redefined around a combination of calendar and cycle use.<>
Keywords :
electrochemical electrodes; secondary cells; uninterruptible power supplies; Pb acid secondary cells; UPS; cycling; depth of discharge; design; electrodes; failure; grid alloy; life; manufacture; positive active material; power supplies; retention system; ripples; shedding; standby battery; testing; uninterrupted power system; Batteries; Calcium; Calendars; Explosives; Lead; Maintenance; Power generation; Pulp manufacturing; Testing; Uninterruptible power systems;
