Array antenna pattern synthesis using measured active element patterns and Gram — Schmidt Orthogonalization

In this study, a practical and generalized method for array pattern synthesis for any given array is presented. The method is based upon measurement of active element patterns and then processing of these patterns by Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure. As the mutual coupling effects are taken fully into account by element pattern measurement, the synthesized pattern is in excellent agreement with the real behavior of the array. Usage of orthogonalization guarantees the Least Squares Error for the synthesized pattern. Combining the technique in with the proposed method, it is also possible to make Phase-Only Synthesis for a given array. The method was applied to 10 rows of X-band slotted waveguides each consisting of 44 slots. The antenna pattern was measured at a planar near field range, and practically negligible difference was observed between the predicted and measured patterns.