Online optimal control of a parallel hybrid with after-treatment constraint integration

The present paper deals with the activities and the results achieved under a cooperative research project between IFP, D2T, LMS, G2Elab and Renault focused on Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) applications to hybrid power-trains conception and assessment. The main goal of this study is the evaluation of hybrid propulsion concepts and the benefits of different degrees of hybridization in a flexible architecture, by using a chain of simulation platforms: from the co-simulation to the high-dynamic engine-in-the-loop test bed, through a virtual version of the last one. This paper focuses on the implementation issues of an energy management strategy (EMS) for a parallel hybrid architecture. The EMS is developed from the optimal control theory, using Pontryagin´s Minimum Principle (PMP). The resulting Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is implemented in real time and tested in an experimental environment (HyHiL test bench). In particular, a possible integration of the three way catalytic converter constraint in the optimization is presented.