A concept to quantify different measures of user interface attributes: a meta analysis of empirical studies

There are currently several views on human computer interaction in measuring interactive qualities: (1) the interaction-oriented view, (2) the user-oriented view, (3) the product-oriented view, and (4) the formal view. Two different possibilities of measurement within the product-oriented view are introduced in this paper. Different types of user interfaces can be described and differentiated by the concept of “interaction points”. Regarding to the interactive semantic of “functional interaction points” (FIPs), four different types of FIPs must be discriminated. Based on the concept of FIPs, the dimensions of “visual feedback” and “interactive directness” can be quantified. Both metrics are helpful for classifying the most common user interfaces: command, menu, and direct manipulation. The classification can be validated with the outcomes of several empirical comparison studies