TSV manufacturing yield and hidden costs for 3D IC integration

3D integration consists of 3D IC packaging, 3D IC integration, and 3D Si integration. They are different and in general, the TSV (through-silicon-via) separates the 3D IC packaging and 3D IC/Si integrations, i.e., the latter two use TSV, but 3D IC packaging does not. TSV for 3D integration is >26 years old technology, which (with a new concept that every chip could have two active surfaces) is the focus of this study. Emphasis is placed on the TSV manufacturing yield and hidden costs. A 3D integration roadmap is also provided.