Dielectric spectroscopy of breast tissue - improved model of the precision open-ended coaxial probe

Precision open-ended coaxial probes have been designed for use for the dielectric Spectroscopy of breast tissue at microwave frequencies from 0.1 to 20 GHz. The probe is made out of several sections of coaxial lines and is hermetically sealed at the aperture. A simple model of the probe built of lumped elements and transmission lines is developed and used to deembed the reflection coefficient at the probe aperture from raw measurements at the connector plane. The probe is easily incorporated into the measurement system for accurate characterization of normal and diseased breast tissue.