Close proximity bypasses to collection volume and early streamer emission air terminals

Since their introduction more than two decades ago, the early streamer emission (ESE) air terminals have repeatedly failed to protect buildings from direct lightning strikes. Although they claimed to provide a large protection zone, most of the ESE equipped tall buildings have exhibited one or more bypasses (i.e. lightning induced damages). After more than two decades of observation, a growing number of buildings have exhibited bypasses that are in close proximity to the air terminals. These close proximity bypasses provide indisputable evidence that the ESE protection zone is just a figment of the ESE proponents´ imagination.