Characterizing network covert storage channels

A novel characterization is presented for covert channels in stand-alone systems. This characterization is used to examine the nature of covert channels in computer networks. Most network covert channels are shown to reduce to covert channels in standalone systems. The remaining identified network covert channels are identified to be examples of a more general Trojan horse leakage problem. The search for a general solution to this problem is identified as an important area for future research