Realization of modified ripple-based mppt in a single-phase single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system

The paper presents the results of investigation of the realization of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method in a single-phase, single-stage, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The algorithm is based on the analysis of harmonic components occurring in the PV array power. The paper presents analytical discussion of a modified ripple-based MPPT technique, simulation results and verification of a FPGA-based practical controller with the use of a real-time discrete model of photovoltaic (PV) system with three-level NPC inverter implemented in FPGA Cyclone II IC. The paper also demonstrates practical measurements of signals of PV arrays loaded by single-phase inverter.