The Fenno-Skan HVDC submarine cable transmission. System and design aspects, commissioning and initial operating experience

In November 1989, a new high voltage direct current (HVDC) link between Finland and Sweden was put in commercial operation. The link, which has a rated capacity of 500 MW, is called Fenno-Skan. It is the longest submarine cable link in the world, and the single cable transmits more power than any other DC cable. The authors present some of the power system considerations of importance for the link, and describe the DC cable and the converter stations. Finally, some aspects of the commissioning of the link and the initial operating experience are treated