Doppler simulation for pulsatile flow having nonaxial components

Describes a numerical model that can produce Doppler signals for nonaxial, pulsatile flow. The model consists of two main units. The first unit models the physics of blood now and provides output variables that describe the flow. It is built upon the Fluid Dynamic Analysis Package, an existing software tool for studying and visualizing fluid flow. The second unit models the acoustic field of the transducer and accounts for the beam focusing effect. With blood treated as a cloud of moving point-like scatterers of ultrasound, these two units provide information about the path and acoustic response of the individual scatterers. Thus, both hemodynamic and acoustic factors are accounted for. Finally, the principle of superposition is applied to compute the total backscattered signal, which is then gated or sampled to produce the Doppler signal. To validate the model Doppler signals from flow near a stenosis were simulated, and their spectra presented