Adaptive flexible antenna array system for deformable wing surfaces

A 4×1 coplanar and flexible antenna array for deformable surfaces is studied under different bending angles. It is assumed that the array is bent from one edge on top of an insulating cylinder (single-edge cylindrical bending). Due to flexing, the array radiates a tilted main beam. The beam can be redirected back toward its original direction by applying the correct phase difference between the elements. This compensation phase vector is calculated using a closed-form equation. Simulated results are presented, showing successful recovery of the intended radiation direction. The autonomous array can be used in unmanned aerial vehicles with wings that bend or flex on demand, morphing wings, adaptive wings, as well as on other surfaces where it is required to focus an antenna pattern toward a specific location with respect to the mounting surface.