Design of an optimized high-power ultrasonic transducer

The design of an optimized ultrasonic transducer for renal lithotripsy is discussed. The device consists of a concentrator (horn) associated with piezoelectric (PZT) ceramic rings to obtain maximum power transfer to the kidney stones. The transducer works at 31 kHz, and the vibratory amplitude measured on the application tip is 0.12 mm. The theoretical modeling of the horn is discussed, considering the propagation of mechanical waves in solids, with specific boundary conditions. The choice of materials and the technological aspects concerning assembly, insulation, and cooling are considered. The equivalent electrical circuit is studied and the impedance curve plotted in order to design the electronic driver