An Efficient Tri-Loop Controller for Photovoltaic Powered Four-Wheel Electric Vehicle

This paper presents a novel PID tri loop controller for a solar photovoltaic (PV) powered four-wheel drive electric vehicle using permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motors, which are modeled to include existing nonlinearities in motor plus load inertia (J) and viscous friction (B). A tri loop dynamic error signal generating algorithm is proposed to regulate motor current against high current inrush and motor power overloading conditions, in addition to motor speed dynamic reference tracking. The proposed tri loop dynamic error driven PID controller is also used to ensure energy efficiency, control decoupling, stability and system efficient utilization while maintaining full speed tracking capability. A type B- DC-DC converter is employed to match and control the power transfer from the photovoltaic PV array to the PMDC motor load. All Matlab digital simulation functional models for the PV array, DC-DC chopper, PMDC motor, interface LC-filters, and controller loops are fully modeled using Matlab/Simulink/Sim-Power Software.