Delay and Doppler spreading characteristics of the wide-bandwidth HF channel

The authors present wide-bandwidth HF channel measurement data for three mid-latitude paths in the United States. Statistics for delay spread, Doppler shift, and Doppler spread are calculated. They describe an automated technique which was developed for estimating the channel descriptors. They also describe a technique for extracting the group delay versus frequency of the channel, which could potentially lead to estimates of that portion of the channel delay spread that is not due to group delay dispersion, but rather is associated with ionospheric irregularities and scatter by ground reflections