Efficient algorithm for microstrip antennas on a general anisotropic substrate

This paper deals with an efficient three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm, which based on the D-, E-, and H-fields. This algorithm is proposed to handle arbitrary anisotropic dielectric media. By combining the FDTD approach with the material-independent perfectly matched-layer absorbers, the performance of a line-fed microstrip antenna patched on a general anisotropic dielectric substrate is developed. The scattering parameters of the antennas as a function of the rotation angle of the optical axis of the anisotropic substrate are presented. The results show how the resonant frequencies of the antenna are influenced by the anisotropy