Continues-wave single-mode operation of quantum-dot photonic-crystal 1300 nm VCSEL

The quantum-dot (QD) photonic-crystal (PhC) VCSEL has unique "endlessly single-mode" property enables reduction of the threshold current, an increase in emitted power in the single mode regime and very narrow spectral linewidth, which makes it an excellent candidate for application in high data rate networks. This paper extends our previous analyses of PhC VCSELs in which we determined the preferential direction of the light emission assuring high quality of the light beam, the PhC parameters contributing to high modal gain and to single mode operation. To fully reflect the complexity of the phenomena taking place in cw laser operation, a self-consistent model comprising optical, thermal, electrical and recombination submodels has been applied to compare threshold characteristics to the Oxide-Confined VCSEL and the PhC VCSEL. Here we extend our analysis by application of the over-threshold model to analyze the slope efficiency, maximal emitted power in the single-mode regime of the QD PhC VCSEL.